As India reports a growing number of cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), health authorities have issued guidelines urging increased vigilance and monitoring, especially in regions where the virus has already been detected.
The virus, which presents symptoms similar to common cold and flu, was first identified in Maharashtra, with two confirmed cases reported in Nagpur on January 6. The affected individuals, both children—a 13-year-old girl and a 7-year-old boy—showed symptoms of fever and cold, but their condition is now stable after medical treatment. Health officials noted that both children did not require hospitalization.
Subsequent cases have been reported from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, with two cases each, while West Bengal and Gujarat have reported one case each. Most of the patients are children, with the youngest being under two years old, who are considered more vulnerable to respiratory illnesses.
HMPV: Not a New Virus, Say Experts
HMPV is not a new virus, according to health experts. First discovered in 2001, it is a common cause of respiratory illness, primarily affecting young children and older adults with weakened immune systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been closely monitoring the situation, with experts indicating that the virus is airborne and can spread through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Dr. Randeep Guleria, former director of AIIMS, stated that the virus generally resolves on its own without the need for antibiotics. He advised the public to stay hydrated and maintain a nutritious diet while avoiding crowded places to limit the risk of transmission.
Concerns Over Social Media Reports
Amid the rise in cases, videos circulating on social media platforms from China have claimed that HMPV is spreading rapidly, showing large crowds of infected individuals. However, health officials have dismissed these claims, urging the public not to panic. “While there is no reason for undue alarm, it is crucial that people remain informed and follow health guidelines,” said Dr. Guleria.
The Spread and Symptoms of HMPV
HMPV primarily causes symptoms akin to a cold, including cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion. In severe cases, it can lead to pneumonia or bronchitis. The virus is highly contagious, spreading through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. Experts have emphasized that regular handwashing, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals are key preventive measures.
Children, particularly those under two years old, are at a higher risk of complications, as are the elderly and individuals with compromised immune systems.
India’s Preparedness
The Ministry of Health has reassured the public that India is well-equipped to handle any rise in respiratory illnesses, including HMPV. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) are closely monitoring the situation, with no unusual increase in flu-like illnesses (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) cases observed.
Health authorities have also announced plans to increase testing for HMPV in labs across the country. The government has emphasized that, although flu-like illnesses are common in winter, the situation remains under control.
State Responses
The health ministers of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka have downplayed concerns, stating that the condition of the infected individuals is stable, and that there is no need for panic. “There is no special treatment required for HMPV at this stage,” said MA Subramaniyam, Tamil Nadu’s Health Minister. “People with symptoms should get tested, but there is no need to worry.”
Similarly, Karnataka’s Chief Minister, Siddaramaiah, assured the public that the state government is taking all necessary measures to prevent further spread.
International Concerns
Globally, HMPV has been reported in several countries, including the US, the UK, and Australia, where its seasonal outbreaks are observed. However, health experts have pointed out that while HMPV is an emerging concern, it does not show the same level of aggressive spread as COVID-19.
For now, health authorities urge the public to remain vigilant, practice preventive measures, and consult medical professionals if they experience symptoms of respiratory illness. The situation will continue to be monitored closely.
